# Material scope 2(a) — GDPR — provision context

> Focused context for a single provision (2(a)), curated from overview.legal on 2026-08-22. Canonical: https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-2#par-2-pnt-a
> Verify against the official text (EUR-Lex / wetten.overheid.nl) before relying on it.

Part of **Material scope** (GDPR, full article: https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-2).

## Provision text

### 2(a)

in the course of an activity which falls outside the scope of Union law;


## Topics on this provision

- **Material scope (GDPR)** — https://overview.legal/topics/material-scope
  What processing the GDPR applies to — and the exclusions: purely personal or household activity, law enforcement, EU institutions (Article 2 GDPR).

## Cited by (exact-provision citations)

- **Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 9 July 2020.#VQ v Land Hessen.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgericht Wiesbaden.#Reference for a preliminary ruling — Article 267 TFEU — Concept of ‘court or tribunal’ — Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data — Regulation (EU) 2016/679 — Scope — Article 2(2)(a) — Meaning of ‘activity which falls outside the scope of Union law’ — Article 4(7) — Concept of ‘controller’ — Petitions Committee of the** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132331
- **CJEU - C‑474/24 - NADA Austria and Others** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/108989
- **Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 16 January 2024.#Österreichische Datenschutzbehörde v WK.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Article 16 TFEU – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 2(2)(a) – Scope – Exclusions – Activities which fall outside the scope of Union law – Article 4(2) TEU – Activities concerning national security – Committee of inquir** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132273
- **Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 20 October 2022.#Komisia za zashtita na lichnite danni and Tsentralna izbiratelna komisia v Koalitsia „Demokratichna Bulgaria - Obedinenie“.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Varhoven administrativen sad.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Scope – Article 2(2)(a) – Concept of ‘activity which falls outside the scope of Union law’ – National and European elections – Article 6(1)(e) – Lawful** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132307
- **CJEU - C‑313/23, C‑316/23 and C‑332/23 - Inspektorat kam Visshia sadeben savet** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/158459
- **Cour Administrative - 49701C** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/158440
- **CJEU - C-439/19 - Latvijas Republikas Saeima (Penalty points)** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/108995
- **Judgment of the General Court (First Chamber, Extended Composition) of 10 September 2025.#Tiktok Technology Ltd v European Commission.#Digital services – Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 – Commission decision determining the amount of the supervisory fee for 2023 – Article 43(3) to (5) of Regulation 2022/2065 – Article 4(2) of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/1127 – Method for calculating the number of average monthly active recipients – Temporal adjustment of the effects of an annulment.#Case T-58/24.** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132134
- **Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 30 March 2023.#Hauptpersonalrat der Lehrerinnen und Lehrer beim Hessischen Kultusministerium v Minister des Hessischen Kultusministeriums.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgericht Wiesbaden.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 88(1) and (2) – Processing of data in the employment context – Regional school system – Teaching by videoconference due to the COVID-19 pandemic –** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132292
- **Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 8 December 2022.#VS v Inspektor v Inspektorata kam Visshia sadeben savet.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Administrativen sad - Blagoevgrad.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Articles 2, 4 and 6 – Applicability of Regulation 2016/679 – Concept of ‘legitimate interest’ – Concept of ‘task carried out in the public interest or in the exercis** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132300
- **Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 20 October 2022.#Komisia za zashtita na lichnite danni and Tsentralna izbiratelna komisia v Koalitsia „Demokratichna Bulgaria - Obedinenie“.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Varhoven administrativen sad.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Scope – Article 2(2)(a) – Concept of ‘activity which falls outside the scope of Union law’ – National and European elections – Article 6(1)(e) – Lawful** ¶39 (case-law, Court of Justice of the European Union) — https://overview.legal/posts/132307
- **Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 20 October 2022.#Komisia za zashtita na lichnite danni and Tsentralna izbiratelna komisia v Koalitsia „Demokratichna Bulgaria - Obedinenie“.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Varhoven administrativen sad.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Scope – Article 2(2)(a) – Concept of ‘activity which falls outside the scope of Union law’ – National and European elections – Article 6(1)(e) – Lawful** ¶24 (case-law, Court of Justice of the European Union) — https://overview.legal/posts/132307

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Generated by overview.legal · https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-2#par-2-pnt-a · 2026-08-22