# Material scope 2(2) — GDPR — provision context

> Focused context for a single provision (2(2)), curated from overview.legal on 2026-08-22. Canonical: https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-2#par-2
> Verify against the official text (EUR-Lex / wetten.overheid.nl) before relying on it.

Part of **Material scope** (GDPR, full article: https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-2).

## Provision text

### 2(2)

This Regulation does not apply to the processing of personal data:

a) in the course of an activity which falls outside the scope of Union law;
b) by the Member States when carrying out activities which fall within the scope of Chapter 2 of Title V of the TEU;
c) by a natural person in the course of a purely personal or household activity;
d) by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, including the safeguarding against and the prevention of threats to public security.

## Topics on this provision

- **Personal Data** — https://overview.legal/topics/persoonsgegevens
  Information relating to identified or identifiable natural persons
- **Processing** — https://overview.legal/topics/verwerking
  Any operation performed on personal data

## Cited by (exact-provision citations)

- **Judgment of the General Court (Fifth Chamber, Extended Composition) of 24 May 2023.#Meta Platforms Ireland Ltd, formerly Facebook Ireland Ltd v European Commission.#Competition – Data market – Administrative procedure – Article 18(3) and Article 24(1)(d) of Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 – Request for information – Virtual data room – Obligation to state reasons – Legal certainty – Rights of the defence – Necessity of the information requested – Misuse of powers – Right to privacy – Proportionality –** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132287
- **Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 26 January 2023.#Criminal proceedings against V.S.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Spetsializiran nakazatelen sad.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Directive (EU) 2016/680 – Article 4(1)(a) to (c) – Principles relating to processing of personal data – Purpose limitation – Data minimisation – Article 6(a) – Clear distinction between personal data of different categ** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132297
- **Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 4 October 2024.#Agentsia po vpisvaniyata v OL.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Varhoven administrativen sad.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Publication in the commercial register of a company’s constitutive instrument containing personal data – Directive (EU) 2017/1132 – Non-compulsory personal data – Lack of consent of the data subjec** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132161
- **Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 5 October 2023.#RK v Ministerstvo zdravotnictví.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Nejvyšší správní soud.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 4(2) – Concept of ‘processing’ of personal data – Mobile application – Verification of the validity of ‘EU Digital COVID Certificates’ issued pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2021/953.#Case C-659/22** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132282
- **Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 30 March 2023.#Hauptpersonalrat der Lehrerinnen und Lehrer beim Hessischen Kultusministerium v Minister des Hessischen Kultusministeriums.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgericht Wiesbaden.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 88(1) and (2) – Processing of data in the employment context – Regional school system – Teaching by videoconference due to the COVID-19 pandemic –** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132292
- **Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 2 March 2023.#Norra Stockholm Bygg AB v Per Nycander AB.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Högsta domstolen.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 6(3) and (4) – Lawfulness of processing – Production of a document containing personal data in civil court proceedings – Article 23(1)(f) and (j) – Protection of judicial independence and judicial proceedings – Enforcement of civil law clai** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132293
- **Data Protection Commissioner v Facebook Ireland and Maximillian Schrems** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/51470
- **Judgment of the General Court (Seventh Chamber, Extended Composition) of 3 September 2025.#Zalando SE v European Commission.#Digital services – Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 – Designation of a very large online platform – Plea of illegality – Article 33(1) and (4) of Regulation 2022/2065 – Legal certainty – Equal treatment – Proportionality – Obligation to state reasons.#Case T-348/23.** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132138
- **Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 16 January 2024.#Österreichische Datenschutzbehörde v WK.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Article 16 TFEU – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 2(2)(a) – Scope – Exclusions – Activities which fall outside the scope of Union law – Article 4(2) TEU – Activities concerning national security – Committee of inquir** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132273
- **Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 9 November 2023.#Gesamtverband Autoteile-Handel e.V. v Scania CV AB.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Köln.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Market for motor vehicle repair and maintenance information services – Regulation (EU) 2018/858 – Approval and market surveillance of repair and maintenance information services for motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such ve** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132281
- **HvJ EU: Privacy Shield ongeldig verklaard (Schrems II)** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/1
- **Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 8 December 2022.#VS v Inspektor v Inspektorata kam Visshia sadeben savet.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Administrativen sad - Blagoevgrad.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Articles 2, 4 and 6 – Applicability of Regulation 2016/679 – Concept of ‘legitimate interest’ – Concept of ‘task carried out in the public interest or in the exercis** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132300

---
Generated by overview.legal · https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-2#par-2 · 2026-08-22