# Right to object 21(2) — GDPR — provision context

> Focused context for a single provision (21(2)), curated from overview.legal on 2026-08-22. Canonical: https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-21#par-2
> Verify against the official text (EUR-Lex / wetten.overheid.nl) before relying on it.

Part of **Right to object** (GDPR, full article: https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-21).

## Provision text

### 21(2)

Where personal data are processed for direct marketing purposes, the data subject shall have the right to object at any time to processing of personal data concerning him or her for such marketing, which includes profiling to the extent that it is related to such direct marketing.


## Topics on this provision

- **Marketing** — https://overview.legal/topics/marketing
  Use of personal data for marketing and advertising purposes
- **Automated Decision-Making** — https://overview.legal/topics/geautomatiseerde-besluitvorming
  Processing involving automated decisions without human involvement
- **Profiling** — https://overview.legal/topics/profiling
  Automated processing to evaluate personal aspects
- **Direct Marketing** — https://overview.legal/topics/direct-marketing
  Processing for marketing and advertising purposes
- **Right to Object** — https://overview.legal/topics/right-to-object
  Data subject right to object to processing

## Cited by (exact-provision citations)

- **Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 7 December 2023.#UF and AB v Land Hessen.#Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgericht Wiesbaden.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 5(1)(a) – Principle of ‘lawfulness’ – Point (f) of the first subparagraph of Article 6(1) – Necessity of processing for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by the controller or by** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132278
- **VwGH - Ro 2022/04/0026** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/187377
- **Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 March 2024.#RL v Landeshauptstadt Wiesbaden.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgericht Wiesbaden.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Regulation (EU) 2019/1157 – Strengthening the security of identity cards of EU citizens – Validity – Legal basis – Article 21(2) TFEU – Article 77(3) TFEU – Regulation (EU) 2019/1157 – Article 3(5) – Obligation for Member States to include two fingerprints in interoperable digital formats in the stora** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132266
- **Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 11 January 2024.#État belge v Autorité de protection des données.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the cour d'appel de Bruxelles.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Approximation of laws – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and free movement of such data (General Data Protection Regulation) – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Point 7 of Article 4 – Concept of ‘controller’ – Official journal of a Member State – Obl** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132274
- **Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 12 January 2023.#RW v Österreichische Post AG.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 15(1)(c) – Data subject’s right of access to his or her data – Information about the recipients or categories of recipient to whom the personal data have been or will be disclosed – Restrictions.#C** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132299
- **Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 December 2022.#TU and RE v Google LLC.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesgerichtshof.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Directive 95/46/EC – Article 12(b) – Point (a) of the first paragraph of Article 14 – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 17(3)(a) – Operator of an internet search engine – Research carried out on the basis of a person’s name – Displaying a l** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132301
- **GC and Others v CNIL** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/51475
- **Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 4 October 2024.#Agentsia po vpisvaniyata v OL.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Varhoven administrativen sad.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Publication in the commercial register of a company’s constitutive instrument containing personal data – Directive (EU) 2017/1132 – Non-compulsory personal data – Lack of consent of the data subjec** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132161
- **Google LLC v CNIL** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/51476
- **Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 14 March 2024.#Budapest Főváros IV. Kerület Újpest Önkormányzat Polgármesteri Hivatala v Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Fővárosi Törvényszék.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 58(2)(d) and (g) – Powers of the supervisory authority of a Member State – Paragraph 17(1) – Right to e** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132267
- **VOLKER UND MARKUS SCHECKE GBR V. LAND HESSEN, EIFERT V. LAND HESSEN AND BUNDESANSTALT FUR LANDWIRTSCHAFT UND ERNAHRUNG, 9.Nov.2010 (“SCHECKE”)** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/6180
- **Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 December 2022.#TU and RE v Google LLC.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesgerichtshof.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Directive 95/46/EC – Article 12(b) – Point (a) of the first paragraph of Article 14 – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 17(3)(a) – Operator of an internet search engine – Research carried out on the basis of a person’s name – Displaying a l** ¶14 (case-law, Court of Justice of the European Union) — https://overview.legal/posts/132301

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Generated by overview.legal · https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-21#par-2 · 2026-08-22