# Definitions 4(2) — GDPR — provision context

> Focused context for a single provision (4(2)), curated from overview.legal on 2026-08-22. Canonical: https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-4#par-2
> Verify against the official text (EUR-Lex / wetten.overheid.nl) before relying on it.

Part of **Definitions** (GDPR, full article: https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-4).

## Provision text

### 4(2)

‘processing’ means any operation or set of operations which is performed on personal data or on sets of personal data, whether or not by automated means, such as collection, recording, organisation, structuring, storage, adaptation or alteration, retrieval, consultation, use, disclosure by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available, alignment or combination, restriction, erasure or destruction;


## Topics on this provision

- **Personal Data** — https://overview.legal/topics/persoonsgegevens
  Information relating to identified or identifiable natural persons
- **Processing** — https://overview.legal/topics/verwerking
  Any operation performed on personal data

## Cited by (exact-provision citations)

- **Judgment of the General Court (First Chamber, Extended Composition) of 10 September 2025.#Meta Platforms Ireland Ltd v European Commission.#Digital services – Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 – Commission decision determining the amount of the supervisory fee for 2023 – Article 43(3) to (5) of Regulation 2022/2065 – Article 4(2) of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/1127 – Method for calculating the number of average monthly active recipients – Temporal adjustment of the effects of an annulment.#Case T-55/** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132133
- **Judgment of the General Court (First Chamber, Extended Composition) of 10 September 2025.#Tiktok Technology Ltd v European Commission.#Digital services – Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 – Commission decision determining the amount of the supervisory fee for 2023 – Article 43(3) to (5) of Regulation 2022/2065 – Article 4(2) of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/1127 – Method for calculating the number of average monthly active recipients – Temporal adjustment of the effects of an annulment.#Case T-58/24.** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132134
- **Privacy International v Secretary of State** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/51481
- **Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 2 December 2025.#X v Russmedia Digital SRL and Inform Media Press SRL.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Curtea de Apel Cluj.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 4(7) – Concept of ‘controller’ – Responsibility of the operator of an online marketplace for the publication of personal data contained in advertisements placed on its online marketplace by user advertisers – Article 5(2) –** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132130
- **Data Protection Commissioner v Facebook Ireland and Maximillian Schrems** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/51470
- **CJEU - C-526/24 - Brillen Rottler** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/96819
- **CJEU Bavarian Lager: Disclosing personal data in access-to-documents requests is** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/6182
- **OLG Köln - 15 W 55/26** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/53657
- **Österreichische Datenschutzbehörde v CRIF** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/51486
- **GC - T-318/24** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/122878
- **HvJ EU 9 januari 2025, C‑394/23 (Mousse).** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/50377
- **Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 4 September 2025.#European Data Protection Supervisor v Single Resolution Board.#Appeal – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Procedure for granting compensation to shareholders and creditors of a banking institution following the resolution of that institution – Decision of the European Data Protection Supervisor finding that the Single Resolution Board failed to fulfil its obligations relating to the processing** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132136

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Generated by overview.legal · https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-4#par-2 · 2026-08-22