# Definitions 4(b) — GDPR — provision context

> Focused context for a single provision (4(b)), curated from overview.legal on 2026-08-22. Canonical: https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-4#par-23-pnt-b
> Verify against the official text (EUR-Lex / wetten.overheid.nl) before relying on it.

Part of **Definitions** (GDPR, full article: https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-4).

## Provision text

### 4(b)

processing of personal data which takes place in the context of the activities of a single establishment of a controller or processor in the Union but which substantially affects or is likely to substantially affect data subjects in more than one Member State.


## Topics on this provision

- **Processors** — https://overview.legal/topics/processors
  Entities that process data on behalf of controllers
- **Personal Data** — https://overview.legal/topics/persoonsgegevens
  Information relating to identified or identifiable natural persons
- **Processing** — https://overview.legal/topics/verwerking
  Any operation performed on personal data
- **Controllers** — https://overview.legal/topics/controllers
  Entities that determine purposes and means of processing

## Cited by (exact-provision citations)

- **ANSPDCP (Romania) - Fine against Ascendex Technology SRL** (enforcement) — https://overview.legal/posts/83474
- **Guidelines 02/2022 on the application of Article 60 GDPR** (guidance) — https://overview.legal/posts/38066
- **Report of the work undertaken by the Cookie Banner Taskforce** (guidance) — https://overview.legal/posts/125875
- **Guidelines 02/2022 on the application of Article 60 GDPR** §8 (guidance, EDPB) — https://overview.legal/posts/38066
- **Report of the work undertaken by the Cookie Banner Taskforce** §5 (guidance, EDPB) — https://overview.legal/posts/125875

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Generated by overview.legal · https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-4#par-23-pnt-b · 2026-08-22