# Supervisory authority — GDPR — context bundle > Focused context for a single provision, curated from overview.legal on 2026-08-22. Canonical page: https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-51 > Every item cites its source. Verify against the official text (EUR-Lex / wetten.overheid.nl) before relying on it. ## Provision ### Supervisory authority — Supervisory authority *GDPR, gdpr-art-51-en — https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-51* 1. Each Member State shall provide for one or more independent public authorities to be responsible for monitoring the application of this Regulation, in order to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons in relation to processing and to facilitate the free flow of personal data within the Union (‘supervisory authority’). 2. Each supervisory authority shall contribute to the consistent application of this Regulation throughout the Union. For that purpose, the supervisory authorities shall cooperate with each other and the Commission in accordance with Chapter VII. 3. Where more than one supervisory authority is established in a Member State, that Member State shall designate the supervisory authority which is to represent those authorities in the Board and shall set out the mechanism to ensure compliance by the other authorities with the rules relating to the consistency mechanism referred to in Article 63. 4. Each Member State shall notify to the Commission the provisions of its law which it adopts pursuant to this Chapter, by 25 May 2018 and, without delay, any subsequent amendment affecting them. ## Enforcement 3 decision(s) on record cite Article 51, totalling approximately €2,000 in fines (median €2,000). Top fines: - **HDPA (Greece) 33/2020 — Employee's access and erasure claims against the American College** (Greece, €2,000) — https://overview.legal/posts/158444 ## Guidance ### Template for Cross-Regulatory Cooperation Agreements *EDPB — https://overview.legal/posts/125669* 1 | Adopted Template for Cross-Regulatory Cooperation Agreements Adopted by the EDPB on July 7 th 2026 2 | Adopted Explanatory note Cross-regulatory cooperation between data protection supervisory authorities (DPAs) and other national and EU competent authorities has become increasingly important as legal and practical challenges emerge at the intersection of different regulatory fields. Cooperation agreements can be an important basis to organise and strengthen cooperation and dialogue between… ### Opinion 21/2026 on the draft decision of the Irish Supervisory Authority regarding the Controller Binding Corporate Rules of the Flutter Group *EDPB — https://overview.legal/posts/125670* Opinion 21/2026 on the draft decision of the Irish Supervisory Authority regarding the Controller Binding Corporate Rules of the Flutter Group Adopted on 07 July 2026 1 | Adopted 2 | Adopted The European Data Protection Board Having regard to Article 63, Article 64(1)(f) and Article 47 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such… ### Opinion 20/2026 on the draft decision of the Dutch Supervisory Authority regarding the Controller Binding Corporate Rules of the Fluor Group *EDPB — https://overview.legal/posts/125671* Opinion 20/2026 on the draft decision of the Dutch Supervisory Authority regarding the Controller Binding Corporate Rules of the Fluor Group Adopted on 07 July 2026 1 | Adopted 2 | Adopted The European Data Protection Board Having regard to Article 63, Article 64(1)(f) and Article 47 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such… ### Opinion 19/2026 on the draft decision of the Dutch Supervisory Authority regarding the Processor Binding Corporate Rules of the Rubrik Group *EDPB — https://overview.legal/posts/125672* Opinion 19/2026 on the draft decision of the Dutch Supervisory Authority regarding the Processor Binding Corporate Rules of the Rubrik Group Adopted on 08 June 2026 1 | Adopted 2 | Adopted The European Data Protection Board Having regard to Article 63, Article 64(1)(f) and Article 47 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such… ### Opinion 18/2026 on the draft decision of the Dutch Supervisory Authority regarding the Controller Binding Corporate Rules of the Rubrik Group *EDPB — https://overview.legal/posts/125673* Opinion 18/2026 on the draft decision of the Dutch Supervisory Authority regarding the Controller Binding Corporate Rules of the Rubrik Group Adopted on 08 June 2026 1 | Adopted 2 | Adopted The European Data Protection Board Having regard to Article 63, Article 64(1)(f) and Article 47 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such… ## Related topics - **Supervision** — https://overview.legal/topics/toezicht ## Legal Framework - **Supervisory Authorities** — https://overview.legal/topics/supervisory-authorities ## Legal Framework --- Generated by overview.legal · https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-51 · 2026-08-22