# Supervisory authority 51(1) — GDPR — provision context

> Focused context for a single provision (51(1)), curated from overview.legal on 2026-08-22. Canonical: https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-51#par-1
> Verify against the official text (EUR-Lex / wetten.overheid.nl) before relying on it.

Part of **Supervisory authority** (GDPR, full article: https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-51).

## Provision text

### 51(1)

Each Member State shall provide for one or more independent public authorities to be responsible for monitoring the application of this Regulation, in order to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons in relation to processing and to facilitate the free flow of personal data within the Union (‘supervisory authority’).


## Topics on this provision

- **Monitoring** — https://overview.legal/topics/monitoring
  Systematic observation and tracking of individuals
- **Supervisory Authorities** — https://overview.legal/topics/supervisory-authorities
  National data protection authorities and their powers
- **Supervision** — https://overview.legal/topics/toezicht
  Oversight and enforcement by supervisory authorities
- **Personal Data** — https://overview.legal/topics/persoonsgegevens
  Information relating to identified or identifiable natural persons

## Cited by (exact-provision citations)

- **Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 12 January 2023.#BE v Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Fővárosi Törvényszék.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Articles 77 to 79 – Remedies – Parallel exercise – Relationship – Procedural autonomy – Effectiveness of the protection rules established by that regulation – Consistent and homo** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132298
- **Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 2 October 2018.#Proceedings brought by Ministerio Fiscal.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Audiencia Provincial de Tarragona.#Reference for a preliminary ruling — Electronic communications — Processing of personal data — Directive 2002/58/EC — Articles 1 and 3 — Scope — Confidentiality of electronic communications — Protection — Article 5 and Article 15(1) — Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union — Articles 7 and 8 — Data processed i** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132340
- **Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 26 September 2024.#TR v Land Hessen.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgericht Wiesbaden.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 57(1)(a) and (f) – Tasks of the supervisory authority – Article 58(2) – Corrective powers – Administrative fine – Discretion of the supervisory authority – Limits.#Case C-768/21.** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132245
- **Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 7 December 2023.#UF and AB v Land Hessen.#Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgericht Wiesbaden.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 5(1)(a) – Principle of ‘lawfulness’ – Point (f) of the first subparagraph of Article 6(1) – Necessity of processing for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by the controller or by** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132278
- **Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 June 2021.#Facebook Ireland Ltd and Others v Gegevensbeschermingsautoriteit.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Hof van beroep te Brussel.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Articles 7, 8 and 47 – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Cross-border processing of personal data – ‘One-stop shop’ mechanism – Sincere and effecti** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132323
- **Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 6 October 2020.#État luxembourgeois v B and Others.#Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Cour administrative (Luxembourg).#References for a preliminary ruling – Directive 2011/16/EU – Administrative cooperation in the field of taxation – Articles 1 and 5 – Decision ordering that information be provided to the competent authority of a Member State, acting in response to a request for exchange of information from the competent authority of another Mem** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132329
- **Meta Platforms v noyb** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/51484
- **Data Protection Commissioner v. Facebook Ireland Ltd, and Maximillian Schrems** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/5945
- **Data Protection Commissioner v Facebook Ireland and Maximillian Schrems** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/51470
- **Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 16 January 2024.#Österreichische Datenschutzbehörde v WK.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Article 16 TFEU – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 2(2)(a) – Scope – Exclusions – Activities which fall outside the scope of Union law – Article 4(2) TEU – Activities concerning national security – Committee of inquir** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132273
- **Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 24 March 2022.#X and Z v Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Midden-Nederland.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Competence of the supervisory authority – Article 55(3) – Processing operations of courts acting in their judicial capacity – Concept – Making available to a journalist of documents arising fr** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/132315
- **CJEU - C‑313/23, C‑316/23 and C‑332/23 - Inspektorat kam Visshia sadeben savet** (case-law) — https://overview.legal/posts/158459

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Generated by overview.legal · https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-51#par-1 · 2026-08-22