# Competence of the lead supervisory authority — GDPR — context bundle > Focused context for a single provision, curated from overview.legal on 2026-08-22. Canonical page: https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-56 > Every item cites its source. Verify against the official text (EUR-Lex / wetten.overheid.nl) before relying on it. ## Provision ### Competence of the lead supervisory authority — Competence of the lead supervisory authority *GDPR, gdpr-art-56-en — https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-56* 1. Without prejudice to Article 55, the supervisory authority of the main establishment or of the single establishment of the controller or processor shall be competent to act as lead supervisory authority for the cross-border processing carried out by that controller or processor in accordance with the procedure provided in Article 60. 2. By derogation from paragraph 1, each supervisory authority shall be competent to handle a complaint lodged with it or a possible infringement of this Regulation, if the subject matter relates only to an establishment in its Member State or substantially affects data subjects only in its Member State. 3. In the cases referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, the supervisory authority shall inform the lead supervisory authority without delay on that matter. Within a period of three weeks after being informed the lead supervisory authority shall decide whether or not it will handle the case in accordance with the procedure provided in Article 60, taking into account whether or not there is an establishment of the controller or processor in the Member State of which the supervisory authority informed it. 4. Where the lead supervisory authority decides to handle the case, the procedure provided in Article 60 shall apply. The supervisory authority which informed the lead supervisory authority may submit to the lead supervisory authority a draft for a decision. The lead supervisory authority shall take utmost account of that draft when preparing the draft decision referred to in Article 60(3). 5. Where the lead supervisory authority decides not to handle the case, the supervisory authority which informed the lead supervisory authority shall handle it according to Articles 61 and 62. 6. The lead supervisory authority shall be the sole interlocutor of the controller or processor for the cross-border processing carried out by that controller or processor. ## Enforcement 2 decision(s) on record cite Article 56, totalling approximately €150,000,000 in fines (median €150,000,000). Top fines: - **CNIL rejects Google's stay request and ne bis in idem challenge in cookie consent case** (France, €150,000,000) — https://overview.legal/posts/125662 ## Guidance ### Template for Cross-Regulatory Cooperation Agreements *EDPB — https://overview.legal/posts/125669* 1 | Adopted Template for Cross-Regulatory Cooperation Agreements Adopted by the EDPB on July 7 th 2026 2 | Adopted Explanatory note Cross-regulatory cooperation between data protection supervisory authorities (DPAs) and other national and EU competent authorities has become increasingly important as legal and practical challenges emerge at the intersection of different regulatory fields. Cooperation agreements can be an important basis to organise and strengthen cooperation and dialogue between… ### Opinion 21/2026 on the draft decision of the Irish Supervisory Authority regarding the Controller Binding Corporate Rules of the Flutter Group *EDPB — https://overview.legal/posts/125670* Opinion 21/2026 on the draft decision of the Irish Supervisory Authority regarding the Controller Binding Corporate Rules of the Flutter Group Adopted on 07 July 2026 1 | Adopted 2 | Adopted The European Data Protection Board Having regard to Article 63, Article 64(1)(f) and Article 47 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such… ### Opinion 20/2026 on the draft decision of the Dutch Supervisory Authority regarding the Controller Binding Corporate Rules of the Fluor Group *EDPB — https://overview.legal/posts/125671* Opinion 20/2026 on the draft decision of the Dutch Supervisory Authority regarding the Controller Binding Corporate Rules of the Fluor Group Adopted on 07 July 2026 1 | Adopted 2 | Adopted The European Data Protection Board Having regard to Article 63, Article 64(1)(f) and Article 47 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such… ### Opinion 19/2026 on the draft decision of the Dutch Supervisory Authority regarding the Processor Binding Corporate Rules of the Rubrik Group *EDPB — https://overview.legal/posts/125672* Opinion 19/2026 on the draft decision of the Dutch Supervisory Authority regarding the Processor Binding Corporate Rules of the Rubrik Group Adopted on 08 June 2026 1 | Adopted 2 | Adopted The European Data Protection Board Having regard to Article 63, Article 64(1)(f) and Article 47 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such… ### Opinion 18/2026 on the draft decision of the Dutch Supervisory Authority regarding the Controller Binding Corporate Rules of the Rubrik Group *EDPB — https://overview.legal/posts/125673* Opinion 18/2026 on the draft decision of the Dutch Supervisory Authority regarding the Controller Binding Corporate Rules of the Rubrik Group Adopted on 08 June 2026 1 | Adopted 2 | Adopted The European Data Protection Board Having regard to Article 63, Article 64(1)(f) and Article 47 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such… ## Related topics - **Supervisory Authorities** — https://overview.legal/topics/supervisory-authorities ## Legal Framework - **Supervision** — https://overview.legal/topics/toezicht ## Legal Framework --- Generated by overview.legal · https://overview.legal/laws/gdpr/art-56 · 2026-08-22