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Case Law · Court of Justice of the European Union EN LLM context A cited markdown file you can paste into your AI assistant (ChatGPT, Claude, a RAG or project knowledge base) to ground it in this document. Contains: this document’s text, its sections with their topics, and the full text of every law provision it applies. Everything links back to its source on overview.legal — legal information, not advice.

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Judgment

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It is true that such services include those which are provided at a distance, by means of electronic equipment for the processing and storage of data, at the individual request of a recipient of services, and normally in return for remuneration, such as services providing access to the Internet or to a communication network and hosting services (see, to that effect, judgments of 24 November 2011, Scarlet Extended, C‑70/10, EU:C:2011:771, paragraph 40; of 16 February 2012, SABAM, C‑360/10, EU:C:2012:85, paragraph 34; of 15 September 2016, Mc Fadden, C‑484/14, EU:C:2016:689, paragraph 55; and of 7 August 2018, SNB-REACT, C‑521/17, EU:C:2018:639, paragraph 42 and the case-law cited).

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