International experience in information security protection: implementation of European legal norms into Ukrainian legislation

The processes of European integration and globalization of the information space necessitate the harmonization of the national legislation of Ukraine with European standards in the field of information security. In the context of intensive development of digital technologies and the growth of cross-border information threats, the study of international experience in legal regulation of information protection and the possibilities of its adaptation to Ukrainian realities is of particular importance. This study is aimed at a comprehensive analysis of European legal norms in the field of information security, determining the mechanisms for their effective implementation in national legislation and developing practical recommendations for improving the Ukrainian legal system in the context of European integration processes. The relevance of the study is determined by Ukraine’s strategic course for European integration and obligations to implement the acquis communautaire in the field of information security, enshrined in the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union. Modern challenges of information security require not only technical solutions, but also adequate legal support based on the best international practices and standards. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Network and Information Security Directive (NIS), the ePrivacy Directive and other key acts of European law that form the modern architecture of legal regulation of information security in the EU. The results of the study show that the European model of legal regulation of information security is characterized by a comprehensive approach that integrates technical, organizational and legal aspects of information protection. It was found that the key principles of the European approach are proportionality of regulation, technological neutrality, protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms and ensuring a single digital market. The main barriers to the implementation of European norms into Ukrainian legislation were identified, including differences in legal traditions, insufficient institutional infrastructure and the need for significant financial resources to ensure compliance with European standards. Prospects for further research are related to the need to monitor the process of implementing European norms and assessing their effectiveness in Ukrainian conditions, as well as studying the impact of new technological trends on the development of European legislation in the field of information security. Current areas are the study of legal aspects of protecting critical information infrastructure, the development of mechanisms for international cooperation in the field of cybersecurity, and the analysis of the impact of artificial intelligence on the system of legal regulation of information security. It is also important to study the experience of other countries that have undergone the process of adaptation to European standards, and to develop recommendations for optimizing this process in Ukrainian conditions.