Article 25 (2) and (3) of the Latvian Data Protection Law (PDPL), available at: https://likumi.lv/ta/id/300099#p32 . This PDPL provision requires consent for data processing in all cases, also for the purposes of scientific research. Secondary use of data is allowed if there are legal grounds for that as per the GDPR (inter alia, consent), or it must be compatible with the original processing purpose. Article 10(7) on the law of patients data, available at: https://likumi.lv/ta/en/en/id/203008-law-on-the- rights-of-patients . The Law on Patients’ Rights allows the secondary use of patient data for research purposes where: (i) the patient cannot be directly or indirectly identified according to the information to be analysed; or (ii) the patient has consented in writing that the information regarding him or her may be used in a specific research, or (iii) permission to process patient Milieu Consulting SPR Brussels Study on the secondary use of personal data in the context of scientific research data is granted in a special procedure by a competent authority. It is important to note that although Article 25(2) states that processing of special categories of data is possible if at least one of the grounds referred to in Article 9(2) GDPR exists, including Article 9(2)(j) GDPR, Latvian law does not provide safeguards relating to processing of personal data for scientific purposes as required under Article 89(1) of the GDPR.