Manipulation by Algorithms. Exploring the Triangle of Unfair Commercial Practice, Data Protection, and Privacy Law
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Manipulation by Algorithms. Exploring the Triangle of Unfair Commercial Practice, Data Protection, and Privacy Law
European Law Journal (Forthcoming)
41 Pages Posted: 4 May 2021
See all articles by Philipp HackerPhilipp HackerEuropean University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) - European New School of Digital Studies
Date Written: April 28, 2021
Abstract
The optimization of sales practices in consumer markets through machine learning not only harbours the potential to better match consumer preferences with products, but also risks to facilitate the exploitation of consumer weaknesses discovered via data analysis. More specifically, recent technological advances have brought us to the edge of mind-reading technologies, which automatically analyse mental states and adapt offers accordingly, in potentially manipulative ways. This article shows that, in market contexts, the challenges of manipulation by algorithm necessitate an integrated understanding of unfair commercial practice, data protection, and privacy law. It maps the interactions between these contiguous yet distinct fields of law, and draws on economics and computer science to develop a novel framework to deal with algorithmic influence. In doing so, it also critically discusses the Commission proposals for the Digital Services Act and the Artificial Intelligence Act, and suggests to complement them with more broadly applicable measures to mitigate algorithmic manipulation.
Keywords: Manipulation, artificial intelligence, unfair commercial practices, unfair AI practices, consumer decision making, consumer law, EU law, Digital Services Act, Artificial Intelligence Act, regulation, digital economy, targeted offers, emotional AI, mind-reading technologies
JEL Classification: K12, K20
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation
Hacker, Philipp, Manipulation by Algorithms. Exploring the Triangle of Unfair Commercial Practice, Data Protection, and Privacy Law (April 28, 2021). European Law Journal (Forthcoming), Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3835259
Philipp Hacker (Contact Author)
European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) - European New School of Digital Studies ( email )
Grosse Scharrnstr. 59
Frankfurt (Oder), Brandenburg 15230
Germany
HOME PAGE: http://https://europa-uni.academia.edu/PhilippHacker
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