Security
Technical and organizational measures to protect personal data
Overview
26 sources · Feb 17, 2026Legal Framework
Security obligations under EU data protection law center on Article 32 GDPR, which mandates controllers and processors to implement appropriate technical and organizational measures (TOMs) ensuring a level of security corresponding to the processing risk. Recital 49 clarifies that processing strictly necessary for network and information security—encompassing confidentiality, authenticity, integrity, and availability of personal data—constitutes a legitimate interest ground, provided it remains proportionate. Where a data protection impact assessment reveals that processing would entail high risk absent safeguards, and the controller cannot mitigate that risk through measures reasonable considering available technology and implementation costs, Recital 94 requires prior consultation with the supervisory authority before commencing processing.
Authoritative doctrinal analysis establishes critical contours for security enforcement in specialized contexts. Where Article 89(2)-(3) GDPR permits institutions conducting scientific research or archiving in the public interest to restrict data subject rights—including access (Article 15), rectification (Article 16), and restriction (Article 18(1)(a))—security obligations remain absolute; controllers must independently assess whether to invoke these exemptions while maintaining protective measures. The analysis further clarifies that supervisory authorities possess expansive inspection powers under national implementations of Article 15, including access to all personal data, business premises, and processing equipment, enabling comprehensive security audits even where professional secrecy obligations apply. Additionally, where public bodies acquire data of lasting value for archiving, or where informing data subjects proves impossible or requires disproportionate effort for research purposes, security duties persist despite displaced transparency obligations.
The AI Act imposes complementary obligations on providers of general-purpose AI models presenting systemic risks. Recital 115 requires continuous assessment and mitigation of such risks, coupled with immediate reporting to the Commission and national authorities upon occurrence of serious incidents, regardless of prior preventive efforts.
Key Developments
The CJEU has established that inadequate security safeguards constitute unlawful interference with fundamental rights. In Data Protection Commissioner v. Schrems and Facebook, the Court held at ¶87 that transfer mechanisms enabling interference with the fundamental right to private life violate EU law where effective protective safeguards are absent. Digital Rights Ireland Ltd v. Ireland confirmed that data retention mandates and subsequent access by authorities interfere with Article 7 Charter rights, requiring strictly proportionate limitations grounded in specific security threats.
Enforcement practice demonstrates concrete liability thresholds. The Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP) fined GENPACT ROMANIA SRL €10,000 following a successful cyber attack directly attributable to insufficient technical measures. The Dutch Supervisory Authority (AP) imposed a €25,000 fine on the Municipality of Ede for processing lacking adequate security safeguards, representing one of ten simultaneous municipal enforcement actions. The AP also recently concluded a four-year investigation (breach notification September 2021, fine December 2025) confirming that substantial delays between incident and penalty do not diminish controller liability for security failures.
Practical Guidance
• Calibrate measures to risk: Implement TOMs ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and availability proportionate to processing risks (Recital 49), ensuring systems can withstand supervisory inspections of premises and equipment under Article 15 enforcement frameworks.
• Escalate high-risk processing: Where residual risks remain high despite reasonable measures, consult the supervisory authority prior to processing (Recital 94), documenting why available technology cannot further mitigate risk.
• Maintain security during exemptions: When restricting data subject rights under Article 89(2)-(3) for research or archiving, continue implementing robust security measures; exemptions from transparency or access rights do not extend to Article 32 obligations.
• Immediate AI incident reporting: Providers of general-purpose AI models with systemic risks must notify the Commission and national authorities immediately upon serious incident occurrence (AI Act Recital 115), maintaining incident tracking throughout the model lifecycle.
• Prepare for physical audits: Ensure business premises and processing equipment remain accessible for supervisory inspections regarding professional secrecy and security compliance, as authorities may access all data and facilities under national Article 15 implementations.
Laws (304)
View all 304Case Law (82)
View all 82ECLI:NL:RBGEL:2026:1247 Rechtbank Gelderland , 20-02-2026 / 05/085805-25
Rechtbank Gelderland
Veroordeling wegens diefstal met valse sleutels, fraude met online handel en fraude met identiteitsgegevens tot een gevangenisstraf van 18 maanden, waarvan 6 maanden voorwaardelijk, met een proeftijd van 3 jaar.
ECLI:NL:RBLIM:2026:1738 Rechtbank Limburg , 20-02-2026 / 03.374129.24
Rechtbank Limburg
Medeplegen van opzettelijk teweegbrengen van een ontploffing bij een woning.
ECLI:NL:RBROT:2026:1361 Rechtbank Rotterdam , 13-02-2026 / 11930671 CV EXPL 25-22305
Rechtbank Rotterdam
Eiseres vordert betaling van de factuur voor een online bestelling die volgens haar door gedaagde was gedaan. Gedaagde betwist een bestelling te hebben geplaatst en te hebben ontvangen. Omdat eiseres niet heeft kunnen onderbouwen dat gedaagde de bestelling heeft geplaatst en ontvangen, wordt de vordering afgewezen.
ECLI:NL:RVS:2026:746 Raad van State , 11-02-2026 / 202203874/1/A3
Raad van State
Bij besluit van 16 april 2019 heeft de Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens het verzoek van [appellant] om handhavend op te treden tegen Stichting Focus Filmtheater en Focus Horeca B.V. afgewezen. [appellant] wil met contant geld een bioscoopkaartje kunnen kopen bij Focus. In 2018 is Focus verhuisd naar een nieuw pand en sindsdien kunnen bioscoopkaartjes alleen nog met pinpas of creditcard, of online via de website gekocht worden. Ook consumpties in de horecagelegenheid van Focus kunnen alleen nog met pin of creditcard betaald worden. [appellant] vindt dit in strijd met zijn recht op privéleven, omdat daarbij onnodig persoonsgegevens van hem verwerkt worden. Daarom heeft hij de AP verzocht om, met toepassing van de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (hierna: AVG) onderzoek te doen naar en handhavend op te treden tegen de afschaffing van de mogelijkheid van contante betalingen door Focus. De AP heeft op basis van bureauonderzoek het niet aannemelijk geacht dat zich mogelijkerwijs een overtreding van de AVG voordoet doordat Focus geen contante betalingen accepteert. De AP heeft het handhavingsverzoek daarom afgewezen.
ECLI:NL:RBGEL:2026:982 Rechtbank Gelderland , 10-02-2026 / 05/339596-24
Rechtbank Gelderland
Veroordeling tot 6 maanden voorwaardelijke gevangenisstraf en 240 uur taakstraf voor oplichting. Verdachte heeft zonder de vereiste erkenning een opslagdienst aangeboden, die eruit bestond lichaamsmateriaal (melktanden, navelstrengbloed en navelstrengweefsel) van pasgeborenen en jonge kinderen op te slaan, waarbij hij op websites en in de schriftelijke en mondelinge communicatie met de slachtoffers in strijd met de waarheid de indruk wekte dat de stamcellen uit dit materiaal later zouden kunnen worden gebruikt in een behandeling van diverse ernstige ziekten als kanker, bloed- en immuunziekten. De vorderingen van twintig benadeelde partijen zijn toegewezen met betrekking tot gevorderde materiële schade. De vorderingen zijn ten aanzien van de gevorderde immateriële schade niet-ontvankelijk verklaard.
ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2026:1779 Rechtbank Den Haag , 29-01-2026 / C/09/696357 KG ZA 25-1252
Rechtbank Den Haag
Verbod om informatie te verspreiden die gedaagde via of in verband met zijn werkzaamheden voor eiser heft gekregen, vanwege een geheimhoudingsbeding uit een (inmiddels geëindigde) arbeidsovereenkomst.
Rechtbank Amsterdam
Rechtbank Amsterdam
Verzoek afgewezen
Weging vrijheid van meningsuiting en persoonlijke levenssfeer in het kader van een uitlatingsverbod. Algemeen uitlatingsverbod is onnodig en disproportioneel.
Gerechtshof
Arbeidsrecht. Kort geding. Geen post-contractuele zorgplicht van de werkgever voor gedrag van de ene ex-werknemer tegen de andere ex-werknemer. Artikel 10 EVRM, vrijheid van meningsuiting. Artikel 8 EVRM, respect voor het privéleven.
XH v European Commission
CJEU
Gaat om een beroep van T-613/21. In beroep wordt gesteld dat het Gerecht de professionele context als reden zag om de gegevens niet als persoonsgegevens te zien, maar dit is niet juist volgens het HvJ EU. Het feit dat het hier om informatie verwerkt in een werkgerelateerde context is niet een doo...
Sluitstuk(?) van de zaak Autobedrijf met onvoldoende beveiliging e-mailaccount.
Gerechtshof
Hoger beroep. Eindarrest. Schade door betaling restant kooprijs auto aan hacker die zich toegang had verschaft tot e-mailaccount van het autobedrijf. Schending AVG, want niet bewezen dat e-mailaccount passend was beveiligd. Deels eigen schuld en met toepassing billijkheidscorrectie moet autobedrijf 50% van de materiële schade betalen. Art. 5, 24, 32 en 82 AVG, art. 6:101 BW
X v Russmedia Digital SRL, Inform Media Press SRL
CJEU
In deze zaak gaat het in essentie om de verhouding tussen de e-Commerce Richtlijn en de AVG in het bijzonder bij verwerking van bijzondere persoonsgegevens (gegevens over iemands seksueel gedrag, art. 9 AVG). Specifiek draaide het hier om een online advertentieplatform dat anonieme gebruikers de ...
Schending eer en goede naam en bescherming werknemers weegt zwaarder.
Rechtbank
Kort geding. Verbod op het doen van onrechtmatige uitlatingen en het benaderen van bestuurders, medewerkers, organen en locaties van de Stichting. Gebod tot het verwijderen van alle gedane openbare uitlatingen.
ManpowerGroup
Raad van State
appellante] heeft hoger beroep ingesteld tegen de uitspraak van de rechtbank Amsterdam van 4 maart 2025 in zaak nr. 22/3746. In die uitspraak heeft de rechtbank het beroep van [appellante] tegen de afwijzing van haar klacht over de verwerking van haar persoonsgegevens door ManpowerGroup Netherlands B.V., ongegrond verklaard. De Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens heeft de vertrouwelijke versie van Antwoorden Vragenlijst Bijlage 1 en het hele document ManpowerGoup’s Information Security Policy overgelegd en met verwijzing naar artikel 8:29 van de Awb medegedeeld dat uitsluitend de Afdeling kennis zal mogen nemen van deze stukken.
Woo. Keuze familienaam als bedrijfsnaam komt voor rekening personen. Dat is geen reden om te lakken bij Woo-verzoek.
Rechtbank
Wet Open overheid, bedrijfs- en fabricagegegevens, persoonlijke levenssfeer, veiligheid, horen in bezwaar, 6:22 Awb
Camera die (op afstand) beweegbaar zijn, en opnamefunctionaliteit hebben moeten weg.
Rechtbank
Kort geding, verwijderen camera’s Nu gedaagde aanvoert dat de camera’s zijn geplaatst ter bescherming van zichzelf en zijn eigendommen, is er geen rechtvaardigingsgrond om deze ook te richten op het perceel van eiser. Evenmin is er een rechtvaardigingsgrond voor camera’s met een geluidsopnamefaciliteit. Het belang van gedaagde tot bescherming van zijn eigendommen en het waarborgen van zijn gevoel van veiligheid, kan hij bereiken door camera’s te plaatsen met een (vast) beeld die alleen zijn gericht op zijn achtertuin en voortuin en waarvan de positie niet - op afstand - gewijzigd kan worden. Niet kan worden vastgesteld of gedaagde inmiddels de maatregelen heeft getroffen die aansluiten op de hiervoor genoemde grenzen. Daarom kan de voorzieningenrechter niet concluderen dat er nu nog sprake is van onrechtmatig handelen van gedaagde tegenover eiser. Om aan partijen in het kader van dit kort geding toch de noodzakelijke duidelijkheid te geven over welk gebruik van camera’s door gedaagde is toegestaan, veroordeelt de voorzieningenrechter gedaagde om de camera’s aan de voor- en achterkant van zijn woning te verwijderen en verwijderd te houden voor zover deze: - (op afstand) beweegbaar zijn; - voorzien zijn van een functionerende geluidsopnamefaciliteit; - op welke wijze dan ook gericht zijn op het perceel van eiser.
Niet lakken bedrijfsnaam die tevens familienaam is in woo verzoek.
Rechtbank
Voorlopige voorziening, Wet open overheid, beoordelingskader onomkeerbare gevolgen publicatie en belang openbaarheid van informatie.
Vrijspraak Misbruik identificerende persoonsgegevens
Rechtbank
Vrijspraak voor bankhelpdeskfraude, computervredebreuk, diefstal valse sleutel en misbruik persoonsgegevens. Bewezenverklaring van opzetheling van een bankpas en een simkaart. Redelijke termijn overschreden met ruim 3 jaar. Taakstaf van 30 uur. Benadeelde partijen niet-ontvankelijk.
Rechtbank Rotterdam
Rechtbank Rotterdam
Kort geding. Vorderingen van influencer en zijn levenspartner om berichten (posts) op een juicekanaal te verwijderen, verwijderd te houden en het plaatsen van een rectificatie op het juicekanaal. De posts zijn al verwijderd. Een deel van de posts moet verwijderd worden gehouden en er moeten rectificaties, in beperkte en afgezwakte vorm, op het juicekanaal worden geplaatst. Geen openbaarmaking bronnen. De influencer moet ook een aantal posts verwijderen, verwijderd houden en een rectificatie plaatsen.
ECLI:NL:GHARL:2025:7680 Gerechtshof Arnhem-Leeuwarden , 02-12-2025 / 200.343.593
Gerechtshof Arnhem-Leeuwarden
Arbeidsrecht. Kort geding. Geen post-contractuele zorgplicht van de werkgever voor gedrag van de ene ex-werknemer tegen de andere ex-werknemer. Artikel 10 EVRM, vrijheid van meningsuiting. Artikel 8 EVRM, respect voor het privéleven.
ECLI:NL:RVS:2025:5343 Raad van State , 05-11-2025 / 202500691/1/A3
Raad van State
Bij besluit van 7 maart 2024 heeft de burgemeester van Eindhoven de aanvraag van [wederpartij] voor een Nederlandse identiteitskaart buiten behandeling gesteld. Op 29 februari 2024 heeft [wederpartij] een Nederlandse identiteitskaart aangevraagd. Daarbij heeft [wederpartij] toegelicht geen vingerafdrukken te willen afgeven vanwege religieuze overwegingen. Omdat de afgifte van vingerafdrukken verplicht is, omdat deze in de chip van de identiteitskaart moeten worden opgenomen, heeft de burgemeester geweigerd de aanvraag in behandeling te nemen. De burgemeester heeft dit besluit op 7 maart 2024 per aangetekende post naar [wederpartij] verzonden. Nadat de bezorging op 9 maart 2024 niet is gelukt, is de post naar een PostNL afhaalpunt gebracht. [wederpartij] heeft de aangetekende post niet opgehaald bij het PostNL afhaalpunt. Hij stelt dat hij niet wist dat het besluit naar het PostNL afhaalpunt is gebracht, omdat hij geen afhaalbericht heeft ontvangen. Op 26 maart 2024 is het stuk retour gezonden naar de burgemeester.
Guidance (61)
View all 61Artikelen
AP
Na een datalek melding op 1 sept 2021 is de Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens onderzoek gaan doen en heeft uiteindelijk 15 dec 2025 een boete opgelegd van EUR 175.000 aan de HAN. De overtredingen zijn (1) Onvoldoende maatregelen tegen SQL-injectie genomen ; (2) Het niet beperken van toegangsrechten van...
Guidelines 04/2022 on the calculation of administrative fines under the GDPR
Guidelines on the calculation of administrative fines under the GDPR
The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) has adopted these guidelines to harmonise the methodology supervisory authorities use when calculating of the amount of the fine. These Guidelines complement the previously adopted Guidelines on the application and setting of administrative fines for the purpose of the Regulation 2016/679 (WP253), which focus on the circumstances in which to impose a fine. The calculation of the amount of the fine is at the discretion of the supervisory authority, ...
Guidelines 05/2022 on the use of facial recognition technology in the area of law enforcement
Guidelines on the use of facial recognition technology in the area of law enforcement
More and more law enforcement authorities (LEAs) apply or intend to apply facial recognition technology (FRT). It may be used to authenticate or to identify a person and can be applied on videos (e.g. CCTV) or photographs. It may be used for various purposes, including to search for persons in police watch lists or to monitor a person's movements in the public space. FRT is built on the processing of biometric data , therefore, it encompasses the processing of special categories ...
Version history
Guidelines on articles 46 (2) (a) and 46 (3) (b) of Regulation 2016/679 for transfers of personal data between EEA and non-EEA public authorities and bodies
Guidelines 02/2024 on Article 48 GDPR
Article 48 GDPR provides that: ' Any judgment of a court or tribunal and any decision of an administrative authority of a third country requiring a controller or processor to transfer or disclose personal data may only be recognised or enforceable in any manner if based on an international agreement, such as a mutual legal assistance treaty, in force between the requesting third country and the Union or a Member State, without prejudice to other grounds for transfer...
Guidelines 1/2018 on certification and identifying certification criteria in accordance with Articles 42 and 43 of the Regulation
Guidelines on certification and identifying certification criteria
Guidelines 3/2018 on the territorial scope of the GDPR (Article 3)
Guidelines on the territorial scope of the GDPR
Guidelines 2/2023 on Technical Scope of Art. 5(3) of ePrivacy Directive
Guidelines on technical scope of art. 5(3) of ePrivacy Directive
Guidelines 03/2022 on Deceptive design patterns in social media platform interfaces: how to recognise and avoid them
Guidelines on deceptive design patterns in social media platform interfaces: how to recognise and avoid them
These Guidelines offer practical recommendations to social media providers as controllers of social media, designers and users of social media platforms on how to assess and avoid so-called 'deceptive design patterns' in social media interfaces that infringe on GDPR requirements. To this end, the EDPB recommends that controllers make use of interdisciplinary teams, consisting, among others, of designers, data protection officers and decision-makers. It is important to note ...
Guidelines 01/2022 on data subject rights - Right of access
Guidelines on data subject rights - Right of access
The right of access of data subjects is enshrined in Art. 8 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. It has been a part of the European data protection legal framework since its beginning and is now further developed by more specified and precise rules in Art. 15 GDPR.
Guidelines 4/2019 on Article 25 Data Protection by Design and by Default Version 2.0 Adopted on 20 October 2020
Guidelines on data protection by design and by default
Guidelines 06/2020 on the interplay of the Second Payment Services Directive and the GDPR
Guidelines on the Interplay between the application of Article 3 and the provisions on international transfers as per Chapter V of the GDPR
Guidelines 9/2022 on personal data breach notification under GDPR
Guidelines on personal data breach notification under GDPR
Richtsnoeren 2/2018 inzake afwijkingen op grond van artikel 49 van Verordening 2016/679
guidelines afwijkingen van artikel 49
Guidelines 02/2022 on the application of Article 60 GDPR
Guidelines on the application of Article 60 GDPR
With the introduction of the GDPR, the concept of the one-stop shop was established as one of the main innovations. In cross-border processing cases, the supervisory authority in the Member State of the controller's or processor's main establishment is the authority leading the enforcement of the GDPR for the respective cross-border processing activities, in cooperation with all the authorities which may face the effects of the processing activities at stake: be it through the establishments ...
Guidelines 3/2019 on processing of personal data through video devices
Guidelines on processing of personal data through video devices
ARTICLE 29 DATA PROTECTION WORKING PARTY
Guidelines on transparency
VERSIEGESCHIEDENIS
binding corporate rules voor verwerkingsverantwoordelijken
Versiegeschiedenis
guidelines uitvoeren overeenkomst
Richtsnoeren 1/2019 voor gedragscodes en toezichthoudende organen in de zin van Verordening 2016/679
guidelines gedragscodes en toezichthoudende organen
Enforcement (798)
View all 798GENPACT ROMANIA SRL: Insufficient technical and organisational measures to ensure information security
€10,000 fine - Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)
The Romanian DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 10,000 on GENPACT ROMANIA SRL. The controller suffered a successful cyber attack due to insufficient technical and organisational measures. The attacker was able to exploit vulnerabilities in some passwords and in the way user accounts' authentication could be reset.
Municipality of Eindhoven: Insufficient legal basis for data processing
€25,000 fine - Dutch Supervisory Authority for Data Protection (AP)
The Dutch DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 25,000 on the Municipality of Eindhoven. The controller, one of ten municipalities that were fined, processed data regarding the Islamic community in its municipality using a force field analysis, for which it employed an external processor. This processing took place at a time of heightened societal concern about Islamic extremism and terrorism. During this period, the Dutch government and the National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism stepped
Municipality of Hilversum: Insufficient legal basis for data processing
€25,000 fine - Dutch Supervisory Authority for Data Protection (AP)
The Dutch DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 25,000 on the Municipality of Hilversum. The controller, one of ten municipalities that were fined, processed data regarding the Islamic community in its municipality using a force field analysis, for which it employed an external processor. This processing took place at a time of heightened societal concern about Islamic extremism and terrorism. During this period, the Dutch government and the National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism stepped
Municipality of Delft: Insufficient legal basis for data processing
€25,000 fine - Dutch Supervisory Authority for Data Protection (AP)
The Dutch DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 25,000 on the Municipality of Delft. The controller, one of ten municipalities that were fined, processed data regarding the Islamic community in its municipality using a force field analysis, for which it employed an external processor. This processing took place at a time of heightened societal concern about Islamic extremism and terrorism. During this period, the Dutch government and the National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism stepped up
FREE TECHNOLOGIES EXCOM, S.L.: Insufficient technical and organisational measures to ensure information security
€10,000 fine - Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)
The Spanish DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 10,000 on FREE TECHNOLOGIES EXCOM, S.L. The controller had reset user passwords and communicated the new passwords to the clients via email. However, the email was not encrypted and did not implement any other appropriate security measures.
Municipality of Zoetermeer: Insufficient legal basis for data processing
€25,000 fine - Dutch Supervisory Authority for Data Protection (AP)
The Dutch DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 25,000 on the Municipality of Zoetermeer. The controller, one of ten municipalities that were fined, processed data regarding the Islamic community in its municipality using a force field analysis, for which it employed an external processor. This processing took place at a time of heightened societal concern about Islamic extremism and terrorism. During this period, the Dutch government and the National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism steppe
Municipality of Veenendaal: Insufficient legal basis for data processing
€25,000 fine - Dutch Supervisory Authority for Data Protection (AP)
The Dutch DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 25,000 on the Municipality of Veenendaal. The controller, one of ten municipalities that were fined, processed data regarding the Islamic community in its municipality using a force field analysis, for which it employed an external processor. This processing took place at a time of heightened societal concern about Islamic extremism and terrorism. During this period, the Dutch government and the National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism steppe
Municipality of Ede: Insufficient legal basis for data processing
€25,000 fine - Dutch Supervisory Authority for Data Protection (AP)
The Dutch DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 25,000 on the Municipality of Ede. The controller, one of ten municipalities that were fined, processed data regarding the Islamic community in its municipality using a force field analysis, for which it employed an external processor. This processing took place at a time of heightened societal concern about Islamic extremism and terrorism. During this period, the Dutch government and the National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism stepped up me
Municipality of Tilburg: Insufficient legal basis for data processing
€25,000 fine - Dutch Supervisory Authority for Data Protection (AP)
The Dutch DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 25,000 on the Municipality of Tilburg. The controller, one of ten municipalities that were fined, processed data regarding the Islamic community in its municipality using a force field analysis, for which it employed an external processor. This processing took place at a time of heightened societal concern about Islamic extremism and terrorism. During this period, the Dutch government and the National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism stepped u
Municipality of Gooise Meren: Insufficient legal basis for data processing
€25,000 fine - Dutch Supervisory Authority for Data Protection (AP)
The Dutch DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 25,000 on the Municipality of Gooise Meren. The controller, one of ten municipalities that were fined, processed data regarding the Islamic community in its municipality using a force field analysis, for which it employed an external processor. This processing took place at a time of heightened societal concern about Islamic extremism and terrorism. During this period, the Dutch government and the National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism step
Municipality of Haarlemmermeer: Insufficient legal basis for data processing
€25,000 fine - Dutch Supervisory Authority for Data Protection (AP)
The Dutch DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 25,000 on the Municipality of Haarlemmermeer. The controller, one of ten municipalities that were fined, processed data regarding the Islamic community in its municipality using a force field analysis, for which it employed an external processor. This processing took place at a time of heightened societal concern about Islamic extremism and terrorism. During this period, the Dutch government and the National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism st
Municipality of Huizen: Insufficient legal basis for data processing
€25,000 fine - Dutch Supervisory Authority for Data Protection (AP)
The Dutch DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 25,000 on the Municipality of Huizen. The controller, one of ten municipalities that were fined, processed data regarding the Islamic community in its municipality using a force field analysis, for which it employed an external processor. This processing took place at a time of heightened societal concern about Islamic extremism and terrorism. During this period, the Dutch government and the National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism stepped up
Sportadmin i Skandinavien AB: Insufficient technical and organisational measures to ensure information security
€565,000 fine - Data Protection Authority of Sweden (Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten)
The Swedish DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 565,500 on Sportadmin i Skandinavien AB. The controller suffered a sucessfull cyber attack, resulting in personal and special category data of 2,126,075 individuals, including minors, beeing published in the darknet. The attack happend due to an succesfull SQL injection on one of the controllers websites, which had not been protected against this kind of attack, granting the attacker access to the controllers server, allowing him to exfiltrate said data.
FRANCE TRAVAIL: Insufficient technical and organisational measures to ensure information security
€5,000,000 fine - French Data Protection Authority (CNIL)
The French DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 5,000,000 on FRANCE TRAVAIL. The controller suffered a successful cyber attack due to insufficient technical and organisational measures, resulting in the leak of personal and special category data concerning 38,820,828 individuals. The attack was carried out using the 'social engineering' method, meaning that the attacker obtained goods or information by exploiting the trust, ignorance or credulity of third parties.
Dental Clinic: Non-compliance with general data processing principles
€1,200 fine - Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)
The Spanish DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 1,200 on a dental clinic. The controller used video surveillance in its clinic for security purposes, including a camera in the doctor's office where patients were treated. This resulted in excessive data processing. The original fine of EUR 2,000 was reduced to EUR 1,200 due to immediate payment and admission of responsibility by the controller.
Continental Automotive Products SRL: Onvoldoende technische en organisatorische maatregelen om de informatiebeveiliging te waarborgen.
Boete van €15.000 - Roemeense nationale toezichthoudende autoriteit voor de verwerking van persoonsgegevens (ANSPDCP).
De Roemeense Autoriteit voor Persoonsgegevens heeft een boete van 15.000 euro opgelegd aan Continental Automotive Products SRL. De verantwoordelijke partij heeft onvoldoende technische en organisatorische maatregelen genomen, wat heeft geleid tot een cyberincident.
Continental Automotive Products SRL: Insufficient technical and organisational measures to ensure information security
€15,000 fine - Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)
The Romanian DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 15,000 on Continental Automotive Products SRL. The controller failed to implement adequate technical and organisational measures, resulting in a cyber incident.
PREMIER RESTAURANTS ROMANIA SRL: Onvoldoende technische en organisatorische maatregelen om de informatiebeveiliging te waarborgen.
8.000 euro boete - De Roemeense nationale toezichthoudende autoriteit voor de verwerking van persoonsgegevens (ANSPDCP).
De Roemeense autoriteit voor gegevensbescherming heeft PREMIER RESTAURANTS ROMANIA SRL een boete van 8.000 euro opgelegd. De verantwoordelijke partij heeft onvoldoende technische en organisatorische maatregelen genomen, wat heeft geleid tot een cyberincident.
PREMIER RESTAURANTS ROMANIA SRL: Insufficient technical and organisational measures to ensure information security
€8,000 fine - Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)
The Romanian DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 8,000 on PREMIER RESTAURANTS ROMANIA SRL. The controller failed to implement adequate technical and organisational measures, resulting in a cyber incident.
FREE MOBILE: Insufficient technical and organisational measures to ensure information security
€27,000,000 fine - French Data Protection Authority (CNIL)
The French DPA has imposed a fine of EUR 27,000,000 on FREE MOBILE. The controller suffered a data breach due to insufficient technical and organisational measures. This was caused by using an inadequate authentication procedure to connect to their VPN for remote working. Additionally, the controller failed to adequately inform the affected data subjects due to necessary information being missing from the information email. Lastly, the controller failed to adequately sort data and retain persona
News (140)
View all 140Distribution grids at the heart of Europe’s energy resilience [Promoted Content]
Distribution System Operators (DSOs) are emerging as key resilience actors. By integrating renewables, strengthening cybersecurity, adapting to climate risks and enabling anticipatory investment, DSOs are essential to building a secure and future-proof European energy system.
Bucharest bets on nuclear to shore up energy security on EU’s eastern flank
When adjusted for purchasing power, Romanian consumers grapple with some of the highest electricity costs worldwide
Why Europe won’t confront Trump on trade – even when the courts do
A judicial rebuke in Washington altered the legal landscape, but not Europe’s political calculus, where security dependence on the US outweighs economic self-interest
Europe’s fragmented rearmament undermines its own security
Europe risks falling into a dangerous rhetoric-reality gap; it cannot claim unity while pursuing contradictory national policies
Artificial Insecurity: access and availability in the age of AI
In the third part of our blog series on the dodgy digital security practices underlying advanced AI tools, we look at how the availability of systems is impacted by the proliferation of large language models. The post Artificial Insecurity: access and availability in the age of AI appeared first on Access Now.
EFF to Wisconsin Legislature: VPN Bans Are Still a Terrible Idea
Wisconsin’s S.B. 130 / A.B. 105 is a spectacularly bad idea. It’s an age-verification bill that effectively bans VPN access to certain websites for Wisconsinites and censors lawful speech. We wrote about it last November in our blog “Lawmakers Want to Ban VPNs—And They Have No Idea What They're Doing,” but since then, the bill has passed the State Assembly and is scheduled for a vote in the State Senate tomorrow. In light of this, EFF sent a letter to the entire Wisconsin Legislature urging
Carney lobbies Starmer over defense bank
Canadian leader pitched British counterpart on nascent Defense Security and Resilience Bank, as industry and backbench calls mount for the U.K. to take part.
Security-Update: Europas nukleare Abschreckung – mit Claudia Major
PRÄSENTIERT VON AMAZON.
APD/GBA (Belgium) - 25/2026
}}}} The DPA issued a warning to the Federal Public Service for Finances to ensure compliance with security of personal data processing after an employee accessed the address of an individual and visited her at her home.The DPA issued a warning to the Federal Public Service for Finances after an employee unlawfully accessed the address of an individual in the controller’s database and visited her at her home. == English Summary ==== English Summary ==
Russia poses ‘serious and concrete’ threat to Sweden’s security, Stockholm warns
“What protects us is the strength of the alliance," a senior NATO official says.
INTERVIEW: Southeastern Europe is the ‘nervous system’ of Europe’s security
Albania's defence minister argues his country is key for EU security
HARVEST: Rethinking food and security
In today's edition: Mercosur, CBAM, state aid
Parliament blocks AI features on MEPs’ tablets over security fears
An email sent to lawmakers, seen by Euractiv, shows the Parliament worried about how much data goes to AI companies
Garante per la protezione dei dati personali (Italy) - 10214411
Facts: typo The Local Territorial Agency for Residential Housing (Azienda territoriale per l’edilizia residenziale) submitted a complaint to the DPA regarding the installation of security cameras by the business “Macelleria La Costata s.r.l.s.”, a local butcher . The Local Territorial Agency for Residential Housing (Azienda territoriale per l’edilizia residenziale) submitted a complaint to the DPA regarding the installation of security cameras by the business “Macelleria La Costata s.r.l.s.”, a
Electricity firms eye share of increased NATO spending
Eurelectric suggested a "financial support system" to help utilities' play their critical role in national security
THE HACK: Lawmakers still stuck on AI ‘pornification’ ban
In today's edition: EU Five Eyes, Dutch AI agnt warning, far-right vs EU space security, UK fines Kick
Munich Security Conference opens with a focus on destruction
The elephant in the room was the growing rift between Washington and the world
Artificial Insecurity: threats to information integrity
In the second part of our series on the dodgy digital security practices underlying advanced AI tools, we examine how LLMs threaten information integrity. The post Artificial Insecurity: threats to information integrity appeared first on Access Now.
AP waarschuwt voor grote beveiligingsrisico’s bij AI-agents zoals OpenClaw
De Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP) waarschuwt gebruikers en organisaties voor het gebruik van OpenClaw en soortgelijke experimentele systemen. De aanleiding is de hoge snelheid waarmee OpenClaw populair is geworden. Dit soort open source-systemen voldoen al snel niet aan basisveiligheidseisen. Het gebruik van dergelijke experimentele AI-agents brengt grote risico’s met zich mee, zoals datalekken en accountovernames.
🗣 Homeland Security Wants Names | EFFector 38.3
Criticize the government online? The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) might ask Google to cough up your name. By abusing an investigative tool called "administrative subpoenas," DHS has been demanding that tech companies hand over users' names, locations, and more. We're explaining how companies can stand up for users—and covering the latest news in the fight for privacy and free speech online—with our EFFector newsletter. For over 35 years, EFFector has been your guide to underst