GDPR Art. 52 EN

Independence

Supervisory Authorities Supervision

In force — consolidated2016-05-04 · CELEX 02016R0679-20160504 · ELI ↗

Version history 2

2016-05-04in force CELEX 02016R0679-20160504
2016-04-27 CELEX 32016R0679

1.

Each supervisory authority shall act with complete independence in performing its tasks and exercising its powers in accordance with this Regulation.¶

Supervisory Authorities Supervision 261
2.

The member or members of each supervisory authority shall, in the performance of their tasks and exercise of their powers in accordance with this Regulation, remain free from external influence, whether direct or indirect, and shall neither seek nor take instructions from anybody.¶

Supervisory Authorities Supervision 3
3.

Member or members of each supervisory authority shall refrain from any action incompatible with their duties and shall not, during their term of office, engage in any incompatible occupation, whether gainful or not.¶

Supervisory Authorities Supervision 26
4.

Each Member State shall ensure that each supervisory authority is provided with the human, technical and financial resources, premises and infrastructure necessary for the effective performance of its tasks and exercise of its powers, including those to be carried out in the context of mutual assistance, cooperation and participation in the Board.¶

Supervisory Authorities Supervision 4
5.

Each Member State shall ensure that each supervisory authority chooses and has its own staff which shall be subject to the exclusive direction of the member or members of the supervisory authority concerned.¶

Supervisory Authorities Supervision 2
6.

Each Member State shall ensure that each supervisory authority is subject to financial control which does not affect its independence and that it has separate, public annual budgets, which may be part of the overall state or national budget.¶

Supervisory Authorities Supervision

Connections by provision

52(1) 239 Case Law 21 Guidance 1 Literature .md

Case Law 239

DIGITAL RIGHTS IRELAND LTD V. IRELAND, Digital Rights Ireland Ltd v Minister for Communications Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 16 July 2015.#Coty Germany GmbH v Stadtsparkasse Magdeburg.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesgerichtshof.#Reference for a preliminary ruling — Intellectual and industrial property — Directive 2004/48/EC — Article 8(3)(e) — Sale of counterfeit goods — Right to information in the context of proceedings for infringement of an intellectual property right — Legislation of a Member State which allows banking institutions to refuse a request for Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 December 2016.#Tele2 Sverige AB v Post- och telestyrelsen and Secretary of State for the Home Department v Tom Watson and Others.#Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Kammarrätten i Stockholm and the Court of Appeal (England & Wales) (Civil Division).#Reference for a preliminary ruling — Electronic communications — Processing of personal data — Confidentiality of electronic communications — Protection — Directive 2002/58/EC — Articles 5, 6 and 9 VOLKER UND MARKUS SCHECKE GBR V. LAND HESSEN, EIFERT V. LAND HESSEN AND BUNDESANSTALT FUR LANDWIRTSCHAFT UND ERNAHRUNG, 9.Nov.2010 (“SCHECKE”) CJEU - C-117/20 - Bpost VOLKER UND MARKUS SCHECKE GBR V. LAND HESSEN, EIFERT V. LAND HESSEN AND BUNDESANSTALT FUR LANDWIRTSCHAFT UND ERNAHRUNG, 9.Nov.2010 (“SCHECKE”) JH v Policejní prezidium +231 more

Guidance 21

Recommendations 01/2021 on the adequacy referential under the Law Enforcement Directive Recommendations 01/2020 on measures that supplement transfer tools to ensure compliance with the EU level of protection of personal data Guidelines 01/2022 on data subject rights - Right of access Guidelines 02/2022 on the application of Article 60 GDPR Guidelines 10/2020 on restrictions under Article 23 GDPR Opinion 07/2025 regarding the European Commission Draft Implementing Decision pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the adequate protection of personal data by the European Patent Organisation EDPB-EDPS Joint Opinion 02/2023 on the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of the digital euro EDPB-EDPS Joint Opinion 04/2022 on the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down rules to prevent and combat child sexual abuse +13 more

Literature 1

If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it? Ten improvements for the upcoming tenth anniversary of the General Data Protection Regulation

52(2) 3 Case Law .md

Case Law 3

Judgment of the Court (Full Court) of 30 April 2024.#La Quadrature du Net and Others v Premier ministre and Ministère de la Culture.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Conseil d'État (France).#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector – Directive 2002/58/EC – Confidentiality of electronic communications – Protection – Article 5 and Article 15(1) – Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Unio ¶118 Judgment of the Court (Full Court) of 30 April 2024.#La Quadrature du Net and Others v Premier ministre and Ministère de la Culture.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Conseil d'État (France).#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector – Directive 2002/58/EC – Confidentiality of electronic communications – Protection – Article 5 and Article 15(1) – Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Unio ¶275 Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 June 2022.#Ligue des droits humains ASBL v Conseil des ministres.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour constitutionnelle.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Processing of personal data – Passenger Name Record (PNR) data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 2(2)(d) – Scope – Directive (EU) 2016/681 – Use of PNR data of air passengers of flights operated between the European Union and third countries – Power to include data of air passengers

52(3) 23 Case Law 3 Guidance .md

Case Law 23

Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 December 2016.#Tele2 Sverige AB v Post- och telestyrelsen and Secretary of State for the Home Department v Tom Watson and Others.#Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Kammarrätten i Stockholm and the Court of Appeal (England & Wales) (Civil Division).#Reference for a preliminary ruling — Electronic communications — Processing of personal data — Confidentiality of electronic communications — Protection — Directive 2002/58/EC — Articles 5, 6 and 9 Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 December 2022.#TU and RE v Google LLC.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesgerichtshof.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Directive 95/46/EC – Article 12(b) – Point (a) of the first paragraph of Article 14 – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 17(3)(a) – Operator of an internet search engine – Research carried out on the basis of a person’s name – Displaying a l Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 20 September 2022.#Bundesrepublik Deutschland v SpaceNet AG and Telekom Deutschland GmbH.#Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesverwaltungsgericht.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Processing of personal data in the electronic communications sector – Confidentiality of communications – Providers of electronic communications services – General and indiscriminate retention of traffic and location data – Directive 2002/58/EC – Article 15(1) – Judgment of the General Court (Eighth Chamber, Extended Composition) of 27 April 2022.#Robert Roos and Others v European Parliament.#Public health – Requirement to present a valid EU digital COVID-19 certificate to access the Parliament’s buildings – Legal basis – Freedom and independence of Members of the European Parliament – Obligation to ensure the health of staff in the service of the European Union – Parliamentary immunity – Processing of personal data – Right to respect for private life – Digital Rights Ireland Ltd v Minister for Communications Hoge Raad - ECLI:NL:PHR:2023:935 Judgment of the General Court (Tenth Chamber, Extended Composition) of 3 September 2025.#Philippe Latombe v European Commission.#Transfer of personal data to the United States – Commission Implementing Decision on the adequate level of protection of personal data ensured by the United States – Right to an effective remedy – Right to private and family life – Decisions based solely on the automated processing of personal data – Security of the processing of personal data.#Case T-553/23. Judgment of the General Court (Seventh Chamber, Extended Composition) of 19 November 2025.#Amazon EU Sàrl, venant aux droits de Amazon Services Europe Sàrl v European Commission.#Digital services – Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 – Designation as a very large online platform – Plea of illegality – Admissibility – Article 33(1) and (4) of Regulation 2022/2065 – Right to respect for private and family life – Freedom to conduct a business – Right to property – Equal treatment – Freedom of expression – Da +15 more

Guidance 3

Recommendations 02/2020 on the European Essential Guarantees for surveillance measures Opinion 07/2025 regarding the European Commission Draft Implementing Decision pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the adequate protection of personal data by the European Patent Organisation Guidelines 05/2022 on the use of facial recognition technology in the area of law enforcement

52(4) 4 Case Law .md

Case Law 4

Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 9 January 2025.#Österreichische Datenschutzbehörde v F R.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 57(1)(f) and Article 57(4) – Tasks of the supervisory authority – Concepts of a ‘request’ and ‘excessive requests’ – Charging of a reasonable fee or refusal to act on requests in the e Digital Rights Ireland Ltd v Minister for Communications ¶51 Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 9 January 2025.#Österreichische Datenschutzbehörde v F R.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 57(1)(f) and Article 57(4) – Tasks of the supervisory authority – Concepts of a ‘request’ and ‘excessive requests’ – Charging of a reasonable fee or refusal to act on requests in the e ¶18 Digital Rights Ireland Ltd v Minister for Communications

52(5) 2 Guidance .md

Guidance 2

EDPB-EDPS Joint Opinion 03/2022 on the Proposal for a Regulation on the European Health Data Space ¶116 EDPB-EDPS Joint Opinion 03/2022 on the Proposal for a Regulation on the European Health Data Space